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DEMOCRACY
Twitter blocked in Egypt amid unrest

Belgians want government, unity
Brussels (UPI) Jan 25, 2011 - In Tunisia, people protested to get rid of a government; in Belgium, it's the other way around: Some 40,000 people marched through Brussels Sunday, demanding that their politicians, seven months after elections, form a government that can unite the bitterly divided country. Organized by students who linked up on Facebook, the protest march, called "Shame," has been the most vivid sign that Belgians are fed up with their bickering politicians. The country's main parties have been unable to form a working coalition, raising fears that Belgium, a country divided into a Dutch-speaking North and a French-speaking South, could split up.

Elections last June handed a Flemish nationalist party, headed by Bart De Wever, the biggest share of the votes. De Wever is in favor of downright independence for Flanders, the Dutch-speaking province. He has vowed that he wouldn't press for such a move during the seven-party coalition talks and has instead demanded wide-ranging changes to the country's constitution to give the already strong provinces even more autonomy. De Wever's critics in French-speaking Wallonia fear that he's consciously undermining talks to destabilize the country. Lieven de Winter, a politics professor at the Catholic University of Louvain said De Wever has nothing to fear. "He either gets a breakthrough in institutional reform or a breakdown of negotiations where he can say that Belgium doesn't work anymore," de Winter told The New York Times. "That is a very comfortable position to be in."

Belgium isn't in such a comfortable position, however. Markets have punished the country for its political paralysis, with borrowing costs increasing in the midst of the European debt crisis. Credit rating agency Standard and Poor's last month warned that the credit worthiness of Belgium, an otherwise relatively healthy and efficient economy, might be downgraded if a coalition isn't in place by mid-May. That it will is by no means clear. "There are intrinsic difficulties in getting democracy to work when you have two language communities on the same footing," Philippe Van Parijs, a philosophy professor at Catholic University of Louvain and visiting lecturer at Harvard University, who took part in the Brussels march, was quoted as saying by Time magazine. "In Belgium, we have a split in the political system -- with parties organized on language lines -- and they now outdo each other in their radical rhetoric. I have pity on the politicians trying to sort it out." Belgium is the European country with the longest time in recent history without a government -- as of Tuesday in its 226th day, beating a record set by the Netherlands in 1977. If things don't change until March 31, Belgium will snatch the not-so-desirable world record. It's currently held by Iraq.
by Staff Writers
San Francisco (AFP) Jan 25, 2011
Twitter confirmed late Tuesday that its website was blocked in Egypt, in an apparent move to thwart protesters using the social network in a campaign to oust President Hosni Mubarak.

The US-based microblogging service that allows people to use mobile phones and computers to broadcast short text messages was out of service in Egypt, according to the herdict.org tracking website.

Twitter said in a terse "tweet" that it was blocked in Egypt starting about 1600 GMT and that the interruption had derailed Twitter.com as well as applications linked to the service there.

"We believe that the open exchange of information and views benefits societies and helps governments connect with their people," Twitter representatives said in follow-up message.

Herdict.org, a project of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, said it had received a "handful of reports" from users across different Internet service providers in Egypt saying they had been unable to reach Twitter.

A Herdict.org spokeswoman said that Vodafone Egypt denied that they have blocked Twitter.

"From what we've heard from contacts on the ground, Egyptians are still utilizing the Twitter service via SMS and third-party apps," she said.

Twitter and Facebook were among Internet social networking services reportedly being used by protesters to share information and coordinate activities.

"We're not the experts on how Twitter is being used in highly developing situations 1000s of miles from our comfortable HQ in SF," Twitter said in a message.

"The experts are those using Twitter on the ground and those coordinating with them around the world."

Tens of thousands of demonstrators took to the streets across Egypt, facing down a massive police presence to demand the ouster of Mubarak in protests inspired by Tunisia's popular uprising.

Two protesters died in the port city of Suez in clashes between police and demonstrators and a policeman died from his wounds in Cairo, officials said.

The protests were considered the largest and most significant since riots over bread subsidies shook the Arab world's most populous nation in 1977.

The protest, called by the pro-democracy youth group the April 6 Movement, coincided with a national holiday to mark Police Day.

earlier related report
Study: Women in Congress out-do men
Chicago (UPI) Jan 25, 2011 - U.S. congresswomen consistently outperform their male counterparts on several measures of job performance, a study says.

Researchers at the University of Chicago argue that because women face greater odds in reaching Congress -- women account for fewer than one in six representatives -- those who succeed are more capable, on average, than their male colleagues, a university release said Tuesday.

Women in Congress deliver more federal projects to their home districts than men do, even when controlling for such factors as party affiliation and ideology, Christopher Berry, a professor in the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, says.

Congresswomen also sponsor and co-sponsor more legislation than congressmen, the study found.

The study suggests the finding is a byproduct of voter discrimination against female candidates.

When women confront such bias, only the most talented, politically ambitious females will attempt to run for office, and voters will tend to elect the most highly capable women, the researchers say.

"Women run for, and are elected to, public office at lower rates than men. This might be because women perceive themselves as less qualified to run than they actually are, or it might be because bias against women in the electorate produces a barrier to entry for them," Berry said.

"In either case, the central implication of sex-based political selection is that the women we observe in office will, on average, outperform the men," he said.

"We emphasize that we are not arguing that women have more innate political talent than men, nor do we claim that all female candidates outperform their male counterparts.

"Our theory simply identifies a connection between the economics of discrimination and models of political agency: When sex discrimination is present among voters, women must be better than their male counterparts to be elected."



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