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Sudan army ousts Bashir, protestors vow further demos
By Jay Deshmukh and Abdelmoneim Abu Idris Ali
Khartoum (AFP) April 11, 2019

World leaders ditched by army amid popular revolts
Paris (AFP) April 11, 2019 - After Sudan's army removed Omar al-Bashir from power on Thursday, here are some other cases where world leaders have fallen after the military sided with popular protests.

- Algeria: Abdelaziz Bouteflika -

In power for two decades, Algeria's ailing 82-year-old Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigned on April 2 after the army dropped its vital support and backed weeks of mass protests demanding he step down.

Protests started in February against his candidacy for a fifth mandate in presidential elections.

As public anger grew, Bouteflika announced he would not stand in the polls and delayed elections without setting a new date.

The protests continued and in a major turning point, army chief Ahmed Gaid Salah -- considered loyal to Bouteflika -- on March 26 demanded the president step down or be declared medically unfit to rule.

On April 2 Salah went further and demanded immediate impeachment proceedings against him.

Hours later Bouteflika submitted his resignation with immediate effect.

- Zimbabwe: Robert Mugabe -

Abandoned by his party and the army, the oldest serving leader in the world at 93, Robert Mugabe submitted his resignation to parliament on November 21, 2017.

There had been a series of massive street protests the previous year demanding Mugabe step down, with security forces routinely cracking down on such dissent.

But the army itself took a stand in November 2017 after Mugabe sacked his vice president, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who had close ties with the military.

It warned it could intervene to stop a purge of Mugabe's rivals, and put the veteran leader under effective house arrest.

Tens of thousands of people took to the streets of the main cities Harare and Bulawayo in demonstrations -- this time backed by the army -- calling for him to quit.

Days later the ruling ZANU-PF party sacked him as leader and -- after holding on for several more days -- Mugabe eventually bowed to the pressure and quit.

Mnangagwa took over.

- Egypt: Hosni Mubarak -

In January 2011 mass protests broke out against Egypt's leader for nearly three decades, Hosni Mubarak, a former air force commander.

In 18 days of mass protests against his rule, some 850 people were killed.

There were reports of soldiers shedding their uniforms to join the protests and on February 10 the military said it would respond to the "legitimate" demands of the people and "protect the nation".

Finally, on February 11, Mubarak resigned and handed power to the military.

It suspended the constitution and appointed a caretaker cabinet until elections in June 2012 made Islamist Mohamed Morsi Egypt's first civilian democratically elected president.

After mass protests against Morsi's divisive rule, the military led by Abdel Fattah al-Sisi overthrew him in July 2013. General Sisi took power.

- Mali: Moussa Traore -

Having seized power in a coup in 1968, Mali's General Moussa Traore was toppled on March 26, 1991 when soldiers turned against him after he had sent them to crack down on weeks of protests against his dictatorship.

Scores were killed in violent repression of the demonstrations, and the armed forces eventually refused to use their weapons against the Malian people.

The coup was led by paratrooper Amadou Toumani Toure, who handed power to a civilian government before he himself was elected president.

Sudan's army ousted veteran president Omar al-Bashir Thursday, but protestors against his iron-fisted rule denounced a "coup" and thousands rallied outside army headquarters as a night-time curfew kicked in.

In a sombre televised address, Defence Minister Awad Ibnouf announced "the toppling of the regime" and said Bashir had been detained in "a secure place", bringing an end to his three decades in power.

Thousands of protestors were staging a sit-in for the sixth night running outside Khartoum army headquarters as the military council's curfew began at 10:00 pm (2000 GMT) despite growing international pressure to hand over to civilian rule.

The army had earlier warned protestors not to defy the curfew.

Washington said Khartoum should "exercise restraint and to allow space for civilian participation within the government".

"The Sudanese people should determine who leads them and their future and the Sudanese people have been clear and are demanding a civilian-led transition," State Department spokesman Robert Palladino told reporters.

The European Union urged the army to carry out a "swift" handover to civilian rule.

"Only a credible and inclusive political process can meet the aspirations of the Sudanese people and lead to the political and economic reforms the country needs," the bloc's diplomatic chief Federica Mogherini said.

Ibnouf said a transitional military council would replace the president for two years, adding that the country's borders and airspace were shut until further notice.

State television later broadcast footage of him taking the oath to become head of the council, alongside his new deputy, army chief of staff Lieutenant General Kamal Abdelmarouf.

Bashir, who swept to power in a 1989 coup, was one of Africa's longest-serving presidents and is wanted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) on charges of genocide and war crimes.

Organisers of the protests that have rocked Sudan since December vowed to press on until the whole regime was swept aside.

The protestors' Alliance for Freedom and Change said the regime had carried out "a military coup" and kept "the same faces" protestors wanted to oust.

It urged demonstrators "to continue their sit-in in front of army headquarters and across all regions and in the streets".

Thursday's announcement meant "we have not achieved anything", said Adel, a protestor outside the army headquarters, where defiant demonstrators have braved tear gas and gunfire to keep up the sit-in.

"We will not stop our revolution. We are calling for the regime to step down, not only Bashir," he said.

Activists outside the compound were seen urging others to spend the night there despite the curfew.

- 'We're not leaving' -

Huge crowds of jubilant Sudanese had filled squares across the centre of the capital Thursday as the army promised an "important announcement".

Chanting "the regime has fallen," they poured into the open ground outside the army base.

But the festive mood later soured.

"We are not leaving, we are not leaving. Just fall and that's all," they shouted after Ibnouf's announcement.

The opposition Sudanese Congress Party called for the establishment of a joint military and civilian council to rule for a four-year transitional period.

It also urged the army to give executive powers to civilians.

UN chief Antonio Guterres called for a transition that would meet the "democratic aspirations" of the Sudanese people and appealed for "calm and utmost restraint by all", his spokesman said.

That came after the African Union decried Bashir's military ouster, saying it was "not the appropriate response to the challenges facing Sudan and the aspirations of its people".

Army vehicles carrying troops were seen deploying across the centre of Khartoum from early Thursday.

Troops raided the offices of the Islamic Movement, the ideological wing of Bashir's ruling National Congress Party, witnesses told AFP.

Martial music was played on state television as soldiers ordered the TV to halt its normal programming ahead of Ibnouf's announcement.

Outside army headquarters, dozens of joyful protesters early Thursday climbed on top of land-cruisers and armoured vehicles that had been posted to protect them from intervention by other branches of the security forces.

- Prisoner release -

The military council also said it was declaring a ceasefire across the country, including in war-torn Darfur.

But the rebel Sudan Liberation Army (SLA-AW) fighting government forces in Darfur denounced what it called a "palace coup".

Meanwhile, Sudan's feared National Intelligence and Security Service said it was freeing all the country's political prisoners, state media reported.

But in the eastern cities of Kasala and Port Sudan, the releases failed to materialise, prompting protesters to storm NISS buildings, according to witnesses.

Demonstrators have since Saturday been camped outside the sprawling army headquarters complex in Khartoum, which also houses Bashir's official residence and the defence ministry.

Officials say 49 people have died in protest-related violence since the demonstrations first erupted in December.

Rights group Amnesty International said Bashir should now be handed over to the ICC so that "victims of these unspeakable crimes can see that justice is done".

Neighbouring Egypt, where President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi came to power in similar circumstances, said Thursday it supported the Sudanese people and the army in their political transition.


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