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No jury for Hong Kong's first national security trial: source
By Su Xinqi
Hong Kong (AFP) Feb 8, 2021

Hong Kong's top court to rule on security law bail verdict
Hong Kong (AFP) Feb 8, 2021 - Hong Kong's top court is set to hand down a judgment on Tuesday in the first legal challenge to Beijing's sweeping national security law, deciding whether media tycoon Jimmy Lai can be granted bail.

The landmark case puts the city's independent judiciary on a potentially precarious collision course with China's authoritarian leadership as Beijing seeks to snuff out dissent in the restless financial hub.

Lai, the 73-year-old owner of pro-democracy tabloid Apple Daily, is one of more than 100 activists arrested under the law since it was enacted in June, and the highest-profile figure to be incarcerated.

He has been charged with "colluding with foreign forces" -- one of the new security crimes -- for allegedly calling for sanctions against Hong Kong and China.

The security law is the most dramatic shift in Hong Kong's relationship with China since it was handed back by Britain in 1997.

It criminalised a host of political views and toppled the legal firewall between the two territories.

Written in Beijing and imposed by fiat, it allows mainland security agents to operate openly in the city for the first time, and even grants China jurisdiction in some cases.

Tuesday's judgment centres around bail.

Presumption of bail being granted for non-violent crimes is a hallmark of Hong Kong's independent common law system.

But the national security law removes that presumption.

Instead, it states "no bail shall be granted to a criminal suspect or defendant unless the judge has sufficient grounds for believing that (they) will not continue to commit acts endangering national security".

Lai was detained in December and released on bail for about a week after a lowered court granted him HK$10 million (US$ 1,290,000) bail together with a stringent list of requirements, including house arrest, no interviews or social media posts.

But he was put back behind bars days after the prosecution sought to challenge the bail decision.

A panel of top judges will now have to balance the wording of Beijing's law against the city's common-law traditions, its mini-constitution and its Bill of Rights, which supposedly guarantee freedom of speech and a presumption of bail for non-violent crimes.

Legal analysts say the outcome will give an indication of whether Hong Kong's judiciary will serve -- or even can serve -- as any kind of constitutional brake against Beijing's security law.

The judiciary is in a precarious position.

In Hong Kong's complex constitutional hierarchy, the ultimate arbiter of the laws is Beijing's Standing Committee, which has shown an increased willingness in recent years to wade into legal arguments and make pronouncements.

China's state media have already declared Lai guilty and made clear authorities expect Hong Kong's judges to side with Beijing on national security.

Senior Chinese officials have recently backed calls to "reform" Hong Kong's judiciary, something opponents fear signals support for a more mainland-style legal system that answers to the Communist Party and where convictions are all but guaranteed.

Hong Kong has decided against using a jury for the first trial under a sweeping national security law imposed by Beijing, a legal source with direct knowledge of the case told AFP on Monday.

Secretary for Justice Teresa Cheng informed the defendant's legal team in early February, citing "the personal safety of jurors and their family members", the source said.

Instead the trial will be heard by three judges who have been appointed to try national security cases.

A Department of Justice spokesperson declined to comment when asked by AFP because proceedings were ongoing.

The spokesperson for the judiciary also declined to comment "on individual cases".

Trial by jury has been used by Hong Kong's common law legal system for 176 years and is described by the city's own justice department as one of the judiciary's "most important features".

But the new national security law -- which was imposed by fiat last June -- allows for trials to be heard by dedicated national security judges in some circumstances.

The first person to face trial is Tong Ying-kit, a 23-year old man arrested the day after the law came in to effect for allegedly driving his motorbike into a crowd of police officers while flying a protest flag.

Currently on remand, he is charged with terrorism and inciting secession -- two new national security crimes -- and faces up to life in prison if convicted.

His case is being handled by the High Court's Court of First Instance, where trials are usually heard by a judge alongside seven to nine jurors.

According to the legal source, the Secretary for Justice invoked Article 46 of the national security law, which states three instances where juries can be scrapped for national security crimes.

They are protecting state secrets, cases involving foreign forces and protecting the personal safety of jurors and their families.

Hong Kong's Bar Association had previously raised concerns about that provision.

"The right to trial by jury can be taken away by the Secretary for Justice on certain grounds without any residual discretion in this regard being left with the courts," the association said shortly after the law was published.

The legal source said Tong's defence team were considering their next step.

"The only possible way to fight is via judicial review," the source said.

Hong Kong's internationally respected legal system has come under sustained pressure in the politically charged wake of 2019's huge pro-democracy protests and Beijing's subsequent crackdown.

The national security law imposed by Beijing has silenced dissent and dented the legal firewall between the business hub and the mainland.

Senior Chinese politicians, state media outlets as well as leading pro-Beijing figures and newspapers within Hong Kong have also lobbied for reforming the judiciary or criticised recent judgments and sentences they dislike.

Opponents fear those calls could presage the arrival of a legal system more akin to the authoritarian mainland.

Inside China, criminal courts have no juries, answer to the party and have a near-universal conviction rate.


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SINO DAILY
UK regulator revokes licence of China's CGTN news channel
London (AFP) Feb 4, 2021
British regulators on Thursday revoked the licence of Chinese news network CGTN after finding its state-backed ownership structure broke UK law, and warned of punishment ahead for airing an alleged forced confession. The move by Ofcom, which takes immediate effect, means UK broadcast providers must stop offering the channel to British audiences or face an unlimited fine. The regulator said CGTN's licence holder, Star China Media Ltd, had failed to show it had editorial oversight over the network ... read more

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