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Libya command structure divides US, NATO allies

British Typhoons patrol Libya no-fly zone: MoD
London (AFP) March 22, 2011 - British Typhoon fighter jets Tuesday took part in the coalition operation to enforce a UN-sanctioned no-fly zone over Libya as the action against Moamer Kadhafi's regime continued. "Working alongside our coalition partners, UK Typhoon aircraft have continued operations today patrolling the no-fly zone in support of (UN Security Council Resolution) 1973," the spokesman for Britain's Chief of Defence Staff, Major General John Lorimer, said in a statement. "A further four GR4 Tornados left RAF Marham in Norfolk (east England) earlier this afternoon to conduct further air reconnaissance missions over Libya as part of Operation Ellamy," he added.

Despite the UN-mandated no-fly zone aimed at stopping violence in the North African country, fighting raged between forces loyal to Kadhafi and insurgents in several towns on Tuesday. Libyan anti-aircraft fire opened up over the Libyan capital Tripoli after nightfall on Tuesday, amid the sound of far-off explosions, AFP journalists reported. Residents of Yafran, 130 kilometres (80 miles) southwest of Tripoli, said at least nine people had been killed in clashes between the two sides. Rebels also said they were under intense attack in their enclave of Misrata, east of Tripoli, which has been besieged by Kadhafi's forces for weeks, with four children killed on Tuesday.

German warships will not take part in Libya embargo drive
Berlin (AFP) March 22, 2011 - Germany said on Tuesday its warships will not participate in a NATO operation in the Mediterranean to enforce a UN-mandated arms embargo on Libya. "NATO has decided to impose an arms embargo on Libya, which could have concrete results and lead to an eventual recourse to arms. Germany will not take part in this," a defence ministry spokesman told AFP. "The ministry has decided to place two frigates and two ships in the Mediterranean under national command," he added. The two frigates, Lubeck and Hamburg, are part of NATO's Active Endeavour operation to stem terrorist activities in the region.

The spokesman said: "For the time being, these vessels will remain in the Mediterranean and we have not decided where they will go." There are about 550 defence personnel aboard the four ships. NATO agreed Tuesday to use naval and air power to enforce an arms embargo on Libya. Germany, a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, abstained in a vote on Thursday to permit "all necessary measures" to establish a no-fly zone, protect civilian areas and impose a ceasefire on Moamer Kadhafi's military.
by Staff Writers
Brussels (AFP) March 23, 2011
The United States and key allies France and Britain struggled to hammer out a new command structure for Libyan military operations amid divisions over the role NATO should play.

US President Barack Obama, in El Salvador wrapping up a tour of Latin America, admitted Tuesday it would take a while to forge agreement on the major issue hanging over coalition strikes against Libyan strongman Moamer Kadhafi.

"I would expect that over the next several days we will have clarity and a meeting of the minds of all those who are participating in the process," Obama said, as NATO ambassadors in Brussels failed to reach a deal.

France, which has resisted calls to give NATO control of the mission, called for the creation of a special political committee of foreign ministers from coalition countries to oversee the operations, with Arab participation.

French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe said the committee had the support of Britain and would "meet in the coming days in Brussels, London or Paris, and continue to meet regularly to show clearly that political oversight is there."

The White House said that Obama, French President Nicolas Sarkozy and British Prime Minister David Cameron had all agreed in telephone calls that NATO should play a "key role" in the future command structure.

But ambiguities remained, with France saying that Sarkozy had agreed with Obama on how NATO command structures would be used to support the coalition, but providing no specifics.

The United States suggested the eventual structure could resemble allied operations in Afghanistan, where NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) has commanded in the past in tandem with the US military.

"NATO has lot of experience in working with non-NATO partners in complicated international efforts, whether it's ISAF or KFOR in Kosovo," a senior US administration official told reporters.

"We are confident that we will be able to work out an effective mechanism that takes advantage of the practical capacities that NATO can bring to bear."

This mechanism would also make clear "that NATO is only a part of this effort and it does involve a wider coalition which already involves some Arab participation and I believe is going to involve wider Arab participation in the coming days," the source said.

"All I can say at this stage is we're still in the process of sorting through the exact structure," the official added.

In a phone conversation with Recep Tayyip Erdogan, prime minister of influential Muslim-majority NATO member Turkey, Obama himself highlighted the alliance's "unique multinational command and control capabilities."

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton told ABC News in an interview "I'm very relaxed about it" and that she thought discussions were "moving forward in the right direction, and we will have what we need in the next few days."

"Those who are members of NATO want to see a role for NATO," she explained. "But we also want to integrate our other partners. We don't want those who are not in NATO to feel that they're on the outside looking in."

France, whose fighter jets launched the first salvos in the campaign against Kadhafi on Saturday, has resisted handing the baton to NATO, fearing a backlash from the Arab world if the alliance intervenes.

But the United States says it is eager to hand over command as soon as possible. "I have absolutely no doubt that we will be able to transfer the control of this operation to an international coalition," Obama said Tuesday.

At their meeting in Brussels, NATO ambassadors agreed to use naval and air power to enforce an arms embargo on Libya and to endorse operational plans to help enforce the UN-mandated no-fly zone.

Diplomats said it would take a few more days for NATO to decide whether to activate its participation in the no-fly zone, or take command of military operations.

US, French and British warplanes and warships have led the strikes against Kadhafi's regime since Saturday, but Britain, Canada, Italy and several other allies had been pushing for NATO to take command of operations.

Turkey had blocked the approval of NATO operational plans for a no-fly zone over Libya on Sunday, as it criticized the scope of the Western-led operation, which has included strikes on Kadhafi forces.

Germany has also refused to join the intervention in Libya, abstaining from voting for the UN Security Council resolution that approved "all necessary measures" to protect Libyan civilians from Kadhafi forces last week.



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