The strike came hours before Israel's army confirmed the call-up of "tens of thousands" of reservists to expand the 19-month war in Gaza against Palestinian militants Hamas.
The military confirmed that the attack, which gouged a large crater in the perimeter of Tel Aviv's Ben Gurion Airport, was launched from Yemen and had struck despite "several attempts... to intercept the missile".
In a video published on Telegram, Netanyahu said Israel had "acted against" the Iran-backed rebels in the past and "will act in the future".
"It will not happen in one bang, but there will be many bangs," he added, without going into further detail.
Later on X, Netanyahu said Israel would also respond to Iran at "a time and place of our choosing".
A police video showed officers standing on the edge of a deep hole in the ground with the control tower visible behind them. No damage was reported to airport infrastructure.
The police reported a "missile impact" at Israel's main international gateway.
An AFP photographer said the missile hit near the parking lots of Terminal 3, the airport's largest. The crater was just hundreds of metres (yards) from the tarmac.
- 'Hit them' -
"You can see the area just behind us: a crater was formed here, several dozen metres wide and several dozen metres deep," central Israel's police chief, Yair Hezroni, said in the video.
"This is the first time" that a missile has directly struck inside the airport perimeter, an Israeli military spokesperson told AFP.
An initial inquiry by the Israeli Air Force later determined a "technical issue" with the interceptor targeting the missile, rather than a malfunction in its detection system, was the likely reason it was not stopped.
The Huthis, who say they act in support of Palestinians in war-ravaged Gaza, claimed responsibility for the attack.
The rebels said their forces "carried out a military operation targeting Ben Gurion airport" with a "hypersonic ballistic missile".
Defence Minister Israel Katz threatened a forceful response, saying: "Anyone who hits us, we will hit them seven times stronger."
Palestinian militant groups Hamas and Islamic Jihad later hailed the attack on the airport.
Israel's Magen David Adom emergency service said it had treated at least six people with light to moderate injuries.
An AFP journalist inside the airport at the time of the attack said he heard a "loud bang" at around 9:35 am (0635 GMT), adding that the "reverberation was very strong".
"Security staff immediately asked hundreds of passengers to take shelter, some in bunkers," the AFP journalist said.
"Many passengers are now waiting for their flights to take off, and others are trying to find alternative flights."
An incoming Air India flight was diverted to Abu Dhabi, an airport official told AFP.
- 'Panic' -
It was one of the airlines to suspend Tel Aviv flights until Tuesday along with Italy's ITA Airways and Germany's Lufthansa Group, which includes Austrian, Eurowings and SWISS. Air France announced the cancellation of Sunday flights.
A passenger said the attack, which came shortly after air raid sirens sounded across parts of Israel, caused "panic".
"It is crazy to say but since October 7 we are used to this," the 50-year-old, who did not want to be named, said referring to the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel that sparked the Gaza war.
Flights resumed after being halted briefly, with the aviation authority saying Ben Gurion was now "open and operational".
Israel's security cabinet were to meet on Sunday, a government official said, before army chief Lieutenant General Eyal Zamir confirmed media reports of a planned expansion of the Gaza war.
"This week we are issuing tens of thousands of orders to our reservists to intensify and expand our operation in Gaza," Zamir said in a statement, adding the army would destroy all Hamas infrastructure, "both on the surface and underground".
Israel's public broadcaster had said the security cabinet would meet to discuss the expanded offensive.
The Huthis, who control swathes of Yemen, have launched missiles and drones targeting Israel and Red Sea shipping throughout the Gaza war.
Israel resumed major operations across Gaza on March 18 amid a deadlock over how to proceed with a two-month ceasefire that had largely stopped the war.
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