Officials said many people suffocated in bathrooms, while one person told AFP his five relatives died in an elevator.
The blaze -- the latest in a country where safety regulations are frequently neglected -- broke out late on Wednesday and lasted into the early morning.
The cause was not immediately known, but one survivor told AFP an air conditioner had exploded on the second floor before rapidly engulfing the five-storey Corniche Hypermarket Mall in flames.
A civil defence spokesperson told state media that the fire erupted in the perfume and cosmetics section on the second floor.
Most victims were on the upper floors, while many on the ground floor managed to escape, he said.
Several people told AFP they lost family members -- and in some cases whole families -- who had gone to shop and dine at the mall days after it opened in Kut, around 160 kilometres (100 miles) southeast of Baghdad.
Yasser al-Mulla, who went to the holy of Najaf to bury his relatives, told AFP "in the midst of the horror and intensity, people began to flee upwards instead of down".
"It is a tragedy."
The interior ministry said in a statement that "the tragic fire claimed the lives of 61 innocent citizens, most of whom suffocated in bathrooms."
Most of the victims were later buried in the holy city of Najaf, around 150 kilometres (95 miles) southwest of Kut, an AFP correspondent said.
Local health official Jabar al-Yassiri said later in a press conference that the remains of 18 people were yet to be identified.
An AFP correspondent reported seeing charred bodies at the province's forensic department.
- 'We couldn't escape' -
Ali Kadhim, 51, said he had been shuttling between the mall and the main hospital, where the victims were taken, looking for his cousin, his wife and their three children.
Back at the mall, he waited anxiously as rescuers searched for victims in the wreckage, with an ambulance on standby.
"We don't know what happened to them," he said.
Wasit provincial governor Mohammed al-Miyahi told INA the victims included men, women and children.
Civil defence teams rescued more than 45 people who were trapped inside the building, which includes a restaurant and a supermarket, the interior ministry said.
The ward of the main hospital was overwhelmed, while an AFP correspondent witnessed distraught relatives waiting at the forensic department for news, some collapsing in grief.
One man broke down, pounding his chest and screaming.
Nasir al-Quraishi, a doctor in his 50s, said he lost five family members in the fire.
"A disaster has befallen us," he told AFP. "We went to the mall to have some food, eat dinner and escape power cuts at home.
"An air conditioner exploded on the second floor and then the fire erupted -- and we couldn't escape."
- Lax safety regulations -
Moataz Karim, 45, rushed to the mall at midnight, only to be met with the news that three of his relatives were missing.
Hours later, he identified the charred bodies of two relatives, one of whom had begun working at the shopping centre three days ago.
"There is no fire extinguishing system," he said angrily, as he waited for further news outside the forensic department.
Safety standards in Iraq's construction sector are often disregarded, and the country, whose infrastructure is in disrepair after decades of conflict, often experiences fatal fires and accidents.
Fires increase during the blistering summer as temperatures approach 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit).
In September 2023, a fire killed at least 100 people when it ripped through a crowded Iraqi wedding hall, sparking a panicked stampede for the exits.
In July 2021, a fire in the Covid unit of a hospital in southern Iraq killed more than 60 people.
Governor Miyahi said local authorities would file a lawsuit against the mall's owner and the building contractor.
"The tragedy is a major shock... and requires a serious review of all safety measures," he said.
The government has declared three days of mourning.
Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani ordered a "thorough probe" into the fire to identify "shortcomings".
Several countries, including Egypt, Iran and France, offered condolences to Iraq and the victims' families.
The US embassy in Baghdad likewise offered "its deepest condolences and heartfelt sympathies to the families and loved ones of the victims".
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