The documentary showed copies of passports said to identify Israeli scientists, along with information on the location of military sites.
It also aired footage said to have been filmed inside the Dimona reactor in southern Israel, which is widely believed to possess the Middle East's sole, if undeclared, nuclear arsenal.
AFP was unable to verify the claims.
In the documentary, Intelligence Minister Esmail Khatib said Iran had used information obtained in June to hit sensitive sites inside Israel that month.
Iranian officials previously said before the war, they had acquired thousands of classified Israeli documents, including details on nuclear and military sites.
The documentary also included photos of International Atomic Energy Agency chief Rafael Grossi described as personal, with one showing him kissing a person in a Minnie Mouse costume.
It claimed the photos had been obtained by Israel, accusing it of spying on Grossi.
Since Israel's surprise attack on Iran in June which triggered 12 days of war, Iran's political leadership has openly targeted the IAEA and its director, accusing them of partial complicity.
Tehran slammed the agency for failing to condemn strikes by Israel -- and later the United States -- on its nuclear facilities.
The airing of the documentary comes amid renewed tensions between Iran and Western states over the Islamic republic's nuclear activities.
The West, led by the United States and backed by Israel, accuses Iran of seeking nuclear weapons -- allegations Tehran vehemently denies, insisting its atomic programme is purely civilian.
Israel sees Iran's nuclear programme as an existential threat.
Iran and Israel have waged a shadow war for years, marked by Tehran's arrests of alleged spies and accusations that Israel was behind targeted killings and sabotage linked to Iran's nuclear programme.
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