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SHAKE AND BLOW
Galapagos volcano calms, pink iguanas out of danger
by Staff Writers
Quito (AFP) May 26, 2015


South American parrot in trouble: researchers
Curitiba, Brazil (AFP) May 26, 2015 - A South American parrot with a wine-colored chest is in deep trouble, with its population down to some 3,000 and a habitat reduced to a speck of what it once was, researchers said Tuesday.

The Vinaceous-breasted Amazon -- Amazona vinacea -- lives in just three places in the world: Brazil's Atlantic coast jungle, southeastern Paraguay and the Misiones region of northeast Argentina.

Until now, no field work to study their numbers had been done, but it is estimated there were 10,000 a decade ago, a Brazilian foundation that sponsored the researchers said.

More than 90 percent of the remaining ones live in Brazil, said the study by universities and research bodies in the trio of countries that are home to the stocky, green medium-sized birds with a maroon-purple patch on the chest and belly.

The so-called Charao Project to study them was completed in May.

In Brazil, the birds are now observed on land covering just eight percent of the original habitat, said the Fundacion Grupo Boticario, which financed the study.

Since 2012, this kind of parrot has been classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

But there were no reliable data on the current size of the population or how it was distributed, a statement from the foundation said.

It said the population figure of 3,000 is 25 percent lower than what had been expected.

"The species is now facing a serious risk since the size of the population is drastically reduced and far below safe levels," said Malu Nunes, executive director of the foundation, based in Curitiba in southern Brazil.

She said the bird should now be classified as "critically endangered."

The foundation will promote campaigns against sales of the birds as pets and the construction of "nest boxes" in the jungle to boost chances of the birds mating.

A volcano in the Galapagos Islands whose fiery eruption raised fears for the world's only population of pink iguanas has calmed, sparing the unique critters from danger, officials said Tuesday.

Wolf volcano is still showing signs of activity but has died down since a tour boat to the area found it breathing tongues of fire, puffing smoke and spilling bright orange streams of lava Monday, said officials at the Galapagos National Park and Ecuador's Geophysics Institute.

"We haven't had any more explosions like yesterday's, which suggests a decrease in activity. However, there are still lava flows, which is normal in these cases," said Alexandra Alvarado of the Geophysics Institute.

The island, Isabela, is home to the only known pink land iguanas in the world. The species, Conolophus marthae, lives at the foot of the volcano and is listed as critically endangered, with a population of only about 500.

The area, which is uninhabited by humans, is also home to members of a rare species of giant tortoise, Chelonoidis becki.

But the animals live on the northwest side of the volcano, opposite the lava flows, and appear to have been spared from harm, a park official said.

"We will likely carry out more flights over the area, but the pink iguanas are safe, and the tortoises, because the lava is flowing down the opposite side," the official said.

Wolf volcano had last erupted in 1982.

It is one of five volcanoes on Isabela island, the largest in the Galapagos.

The Pacific archipelago, which sits about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) off the coast of Ecuador, was made famous by Charles Darwin's studies of its breathtaking biodiversity, which was crucial in his development of the theory of evolution by natural selection.

UNESCO, which has declared the Galapagos a World Heritage Site, has warned the islands' environment is in danger from increased tourism and the introduction of invasive species.

The pink iguanas, which were discovered in 1986, were established as a separate species in 2009 after an analysis of their genetic makeup determined they were distinct from their cousins, the Galapagos land iguanas.


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