"The Ministry of Commerce has opened an anti-dumping investigation into imports of relevant pork and pig by-products originating from the European Union," the ministry said in a statement.
The probe is in response to an application "formally submitted by the China Animal Husbandry Association... on behalf of the domestic" pork industry, Beijing said.
"According to the evidence... the total output of the applicant's relevant pork and pork by-products meets the provisions of the Anti-Dumping Regulations of the People's Republic of China," it added.
The investigation comes in the face of mounting trade tensions between China and the EU, which last week said it would slap additional tariffs of up to 38 percent on Chinese electric car imports from next month after an anti-subsidy probe.
Beijing warned the tariffs would "harm Europe's own interests" and condemned the bloc's "protectionism".
Chinese media had ramped up threats that Beijing could target EU exports, including pork and dairy products, ahead of the decision.
China launched an anti-dumping investigation in January into brandy imported from the EU in a move seen as targeting France, which had pushed for the commission's probe.
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