China on Monday rejected a US official's accusation that three million people are held in "concentration camps" in Xinjiang, a northwest region home to most of the country's ethnic Uighur minority.

The comments are "totally inconsistent with the facts", said Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang at a regular press briefing in Beijing.

"The Chinese side expresses strong dissatisfaction and firm opposition," he said. "We also once again urge the relevant parties in the US to... stop interfering with China's internal affairs through the Xinjiang issue."

According to estimates cited by a UN panel, upwards of one million Uighurs and other mostly Muslim Turkic minorities are being held in detention centres in Xinjiang.

Randall Schriver, US assistant secretary of defense for Indo-Pacific Security Affairs, called the centres "concentration camps" at a press briefing last week and estimated that the figure was "likely closer to three million".

Schriver also voiced concerns over China's internal security forces, which he said are used for "mass imprisonment of Chinese Muslims".

While Beijing previously denied the existence of the camps, it has moved towards acknowledging them, though it describes them as "vocational training centres" that are vital in the fight against separatist sentiments and religious extremism.

It has also gone on a public relations blitz since last October in a bid to counter a global outcry against the camps by inviting diplomats and journalists to tour the centres.

"At present, Xinjiang is politically stable, its economy is developing, and the society there is harmonious," said Geng at the press briefing. "The people live and work in peace."

China's social media troll 'army' wages war on Uighurs
Beijing (AFP) May 7, 2019 - The Chinese troll army suddenly struck one evening, bombarding the Facebook pages of two pro-Uighur groups with an array of verbal grenades and offensive images.

The social media onslaught was the handiwork of the self-styled Diba Central Army, a Chinese patriotic group that has targeted other pages in the past to defend Beijing.

With China increasingly concerned about its global image over issues ranging from Taiwan -- which Beijing sees as part of its territory -- to draconian security in restive Xinjiang, Diba has served as a powerful online ally with its propaganda efforts.

While the group's link to the state are unknown, its members have been lauded in state media as "patriotic grassroots voices".

On April 10, several posts on the Talk to East Turkestan and Uyghur World Congress Facebook pages were strafed with a battery of images showing postcard-perfect pictures of happy people in Xinjiang with captions to the same effect.

The images were stamped with the Diba Central Army logo.

Other comments and images were either racially offensive or threatening, many referring to the pages as "terrorist groups".

"A terrorist page, no different from ISIS," read one comment on the Talk to East Turkestan (TET) page.

Another comment contained a Soviet era-style poster featuring a hand crushing brown and black people.

Arslan Hidayat, one of the editors of the TET Facebook page, told AFP he realised something was out of the ordinary after he received more than 1,400 comments on a post within mere hours.

"We're happy that this is happening because it means that the things we are sharing is angering the CCP (Chinese Communist Party)," Arslan said.

"The Chinese are trying to downplay our efforts," he said.

Beijing has attracted widespread criticism for placing an estimated one million Uighurs and other mostly Muslim Turkic-speaking minority groups in internment camps, which it describes as vocational education centres aimed at preventing religious extremism.

Diba counters that the camps are lies being spread by foreign powers.

- 'Fifty-cent army' -

The Diba "army" spawned out of a fanpage using the nickname for a popular Chinese ex-footballer -- who is not associated with the group -- and now boasts more than 20 million users across various social media platforms, each representing a "platoon".

It even gives mainland Chinese instructions on how to use software to circumvent China's Great Firewall, which blocks sites such as Facebook.

The group is known colloquially as a "fifty-cent army" -- people paid to post patriotic comments on social media. Diba rejects the label.

But observers say its tactics are right out of the playbook of the United Front Work Department -- an umbrella department governing issues ranging from minority rights, religion and overseas Chinese communities.

While the department did not respond to AFP questions, state media has given Diba their seal of approval, lauding the group as "patriotic" for their "crusades" against falsehoods about China.

The April 10 memes were created to mock "biased and fabricated reports about Xinjiang", organiser Yin Yuancheng told the state-run tabloid Global Times.

World Uyghur Congress programme coordinator Peter Irwin told AFP the attack shows the "growing anxiety" from the Chinese Communist Party "rushing to defend what many now consider crimes against humanity".

Groups like Diba use similar modus operandi by exploiting Facebook's comment-ranking algorithm so the public sees the spam comments first, said Raymond Serrato, a social media analyst with Avaaz, an international civic rights group.

"It's a rather perverse attempt to manipulate public perceptions about people, groups, or incidents which are dangerous to state actors," Serrato said.

"The question is always how to attribute these kinds of campaigns and to what extent they are in fact non-state actors engaged in 'pro-social' activity or actually somehow related to government authorities."

- Next target -

Diba remains a secretive group despite its widespread social media presence.

To join its Facebook group, new users have to answer a series of questions on China's Anti-Secession Law, whether a lack of democracy is acceptable, and a promise to abide by group rules.

Diba divides itself into platoons and conducts each operation with military discipline, attacking the page of Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen in the past.

An AFP check showed that most accounts that commented on the Uighur pages had been set up for this specific purpose, with generic profile pictures and few friends.

The attack on "separatists and extremists" was first announced on the group's various pages along with guidelines and suggested memes.

Despite the abuse, moderators said they had to manually remove thousands of comments because Facebook's algorithms had not been triggered.

The social media giant said it is working on several ways to detect and disrupt spam comments.

"In this case, we have removed content and accounts that violate our policies, and will continue to investigate and take action on any abusive behaviour we find," a Facebook spokesperson told AFP in an email.

"We know our job is never done when it comes to finding and removing abuse, and we'll continue to invest in the teams, technology, and tools required to reduce abuse on our platform."

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