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China, Russia and eastern Europe boost defence spending: study
by Staff Writers
Stockholm (AFP) April 12, 2015


Estonia president urges NATO to send more troops
London (AFP) April 12, 2015 - Estonia's President Toomas Hendrik Ilves has called for NATO to send more troops to his country to counter the threat posed by increasingly assertive neighbour Russia, a report said on Sunday.

Ilves told Britain's Daily Telegraph newspaper that Estonia was "part of a group of countries who are mentioned in a threatening way" by Russia and that the military alliance, which Estonia joined 11 years ago, should set up permanent combat units in his country.

Tensions between NATO and Russia have spiked to Cold War-era levels since Moscow's March 2014 annexation of Crimea from Ukraine and the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine between pro-Russia rebels and the government.

Russian military manoeuvres on Estonia's border have triggered concern in Europe that Moscow could attempt to destabilise countries that were in its orbit during Soviet times.

As a result, NATO is boosting defences on Europe's eastern flank with a "readiness" task force of 5,000 troops and command centres in six formerly communist members of the alliance, including one in Estonia.

But a US infantry company numbering 150 soldiers is currently NATO's sole presence in Estonia, and they are not permanent.

Ilves highlighted Russia's recent exercises as evidence that only permanent NATO units would be effective.

"One hundred and fifty soldiers is not a lot, so we do think that further stationing of troops at a higher number is only reasonable.

"It (the NATO 'readiness' force) would get here in, what, a week? Five days?" he said. "But if you look at the exercises that are done by our neighbour, they're basically instantaneous. They're here and it's over in four hours."

NATO and Russia signed a "founding act" in 1997 that agreed no combat troops would be permanently stationed east of Germany.

However, Ilves insisted that the "security environment" had changed since 1997, justifying the posting of more troops.

Estonia's pro-NATO Prime Minister Taavi Roivas last week formed a ruling coalition after a March re-election.

The new government is expected to strengthen Estonia's pro-Western orientation, its commitment to the EU, eurozone and NATO.

Estonia has only 5,300 soldiers and does not possess any jet fighters, relying solely on NATO to defend its airspace.

Military spending increased sharply in 2014 in China and Russia and the Ukraine conflict prompted eastern European countries to boost their defence programmes, according to a study by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) released Monday.

The United States remains the world's biggest spender on defence, but it spent 6.4 percent less year-on-year in 2014, while China, Russia and Saudi Arabia -- the world's next three highest spenders -- all increased their expenditures.

China's spending last year was estimated at $216 billion (204 billion euros), a 9.7 percent rise.

The conflict in Ukraine pitting Kiev against pro-Moscow rebels has seen eastern European countries near Russia rack up their spending and revise their defence plans.

"The Ukraine crisis has fundamentally altered the security situation in Europe, but so far the impact on military spending is mostly apparent in countries bordering Russia," SIPRI's Sam Perlo-Freeman said.

Ukraine's budget jumped by over 20 percent to $4 billion, while Russia's rose by more than eight percent to $84.5 billion.

The Russian government's budget foresees an even bigger rise -- of 15 percent -- in 2015, but that could be cut due to the economic troubles linked to the Ukraine conflict.

In Western Europe, as in the United States, budgets were shrinking, the report said.

While Washington is still the world's top military spender, levels have shrunk by a fifth since they peaked in 2010, said SIPRI, an independent institute that studies conflict, weapons, arms control and disarmament.

"However, current US military spending is still 45 percent higher than in 2001, just before the 11 September terrorist attacks," it added.

The United States boosted its military budget in the aftermath of suicide attacks on September 11, 2001 that killed nearly 3,000 people.

Within two years, it had launched two long and bloody wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Saudi Arabia's 17 percent rise made it "the largest increase of any of the top 15 spenders worldwide", SIPRI said.

The oil-rich state is a regional powerhouse with a significant role in several conflicts in the fraught region.

Since March 26, a Riyadh-headed coalition has carried out air strikes against Huthi Shiite rebels who overran Sanaa in September last year.

In Africa too, military spending has risen by nearly six percent, led by oil producers Algeria and Angola, said SIPRI.

"While total world military spending is mostly unchanged, some regions, such as the Middle East and much of Africa, are continuing to see rapid build-ups that are placing an increasingly high burden on many economies," the institute's Perlo-Freeman said.

"These increases partly reflect worsening security situations, but in many cases they are also the product of corruption, vested interests and autocratic governance."

Global military spending totalled $1.8 trillion in 2014 -- a fall of just 0.4 percent since 2013, the think tank said.


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